Abstract: Armeniaca sibirica is cold-resistant and drought-resistant. It is an important ecological and economic species in northwest China. This paper reviews the recent progress in breeding, including the development of molecular markers, genetic diversity, the study of genome and transcriptome, the identification of key genes, the breeding and reproduction techniques. The prospect of molecular genetics and the deficiency of breeding of A. sibirica are discussed, it is proposed that breeding should be diversified, and suggestions for promoting the development of genetic theory and molecular-assisted breeding are put forward.