Abstract: To grasp the current status of forestry and grassland germplasm resources in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, this article analyzes the situation from various aspects such as the status of forestry and grassland germplasm resources, species composition, spatial distribution, and conservation and utilization strategies. This analysis is based on the results of the prefecture-wide forestry and grassland germplasm resources survey and relies on the national forestry and grassland germplasm resources survey system to summarize species information across the prefecture Analysis is conducted from the perspectives of forestry and grassland germplasm resource status, species composition, spatial distribution, and protection and utilization strategies. The results show that a total of 3,766 species of vascular plants belonging to 230 families and 1,301 genera were recorded in this survey; 398 ancient and famous trees and 21 ancient tree groups were registered; 14 collection and conservation gardens were surveyed, collecting and preserving 550 species and 723 accessions of germplasm resources. In terms of family composition, the number of species in the leguminous family (Leguminosae), orchid family (Orchidaceae), and the rose family (Rosaceae) is predominant. Statistics based on transect surveys indicate that, an average of 94.3 species were recorded per transect, and an average of 26.31 species were recorded per kilometer of transect. Species are concentrated at altitudes ranging from 210 to 2,000 meters; rare and endangered species are mainly distributed in Ruili City, Yingjiang County, and Mangshi City. Through systematic analysis, this article has grasped the distribution, protection, and utilization directions of forest and grass germplasm resources across the entire prefecture, providing a reference for comprehensively understanding the current status, scientific protection, and rational utilization of regional forest and grass germplasm resources.