Abstract: The change of dust retention capacity of the unit leaf area of 10 ornamental bamboo species grown along the West Riverside Avenue in Fuzhou City was studied from three aspects, i.e., time, height and direction by field observation in the spring season. The results showed that there was significant difference in dust retention capacity among the different bamboo species. The dust retention quantity of the 10 species was ranked in the order as: Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. ‘Viridisulcata’（20.04 g/m2）> Thyrsostachys siamensis (9.44 g/m2) > Phyllostachys propinqua (7.95 g/m2) > Phyllostachys aurea (6.94 g/m2) > Phyllostachys bambusoides f. lacrimadeae (5.42 g/m2) > Bambusa vulgaris cv. ‘Vittata’ (5.14 g/m2) and Bambusa eutuldoides var. viridivittata, (5.00 g/m2) > Bambusa tuldoides cv. ‘swolleninternode’（2.60 g/m2). The dust retention quantity at the height of 150cm of the most bamboo species or varieties was larger than that of at the height of 200cm above the ground, but it was contrary for the species or varieties Phyllostachys propinqua, Bambusa eutuldoides var. viridivittata, and Bambusa tuldoides cv. ‘swolleninternode’. There was prominent difference in dust retention capacity of Phyllostachys propinqua between the data measured at the height of 150cm and that of at the height of 200cm above the ground. There was also difference in dust retention capacity of each bamboo species or variety in different directions because of the location of the plants growing along the streets and the driving direction of the vehicles.