Landscape Pattern Change of Qishan Forest Park Based on GIS and RS

Based on field investigation, with the guidance of landscape ecology theory, this study taking Qinshan National Forest Park in Fujian Province as the object and interpreted Landsat TM remote sensing data of the study area in 1996, 2002, 2010, 2015. Use landscape index analysis method to quantitatively analyze the forest park landscape pattern change. And then analyze the impact of these factors on the forest park landscape pattern change from natural factors such as altitude, slope, slope direction and humanities factors such as industrial output value, population, per capital disposal income. The results showed that from 1996 to 2015, bamboo area greatly reduced and showed a trend of fluctuations; mixed forest area greatly increased, and then slowly reduced; the construction area increased after slow decrease; broad-leaved forest area decreased sharply, and then tended to be stable; coniferous forest area slowly reduced, and then tended to increase; broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, bamboo forest and construction land mainly evolved into mixed forest, while mixed forest mainly evolved into broad-leaved forest. From 1996 to 2015, the mixed forest and bamboo patches fluctuated greatly, and the bamboo species and coniferous forest were most affected by human being. The overall landscape pattern changed significantly and the whole patch number fluctuated, showing that the ecology was fragile, the degree of fragmentation reduced first and then intensified. The connectivity of other landscape types reduced, the shape tended to be complicated, and the degree of interference was low. The fragmentation degree of the overall landscape pattern of Qishan Forest Park first increased and then decreased, the diversity gradually stabilized after decrease, the aggregation was enhanced and the landscape pattern showed a trend of clustered development. Humanities factors is the main reason for the area change of different landscape types, especially the impact of the output value of the tertiary industry, the population quantity and the regional output value; the elevation, slope, slope directions, climate and other natural factors have less effect on landscape area change in a relatively short 20 years time series.