Diversity of Cultivable Endophytic and Rhizosphere Fungi from Natural Malania oleifera in Guangnan County of Yunnan

In order to explore the relationship between endophytic and rhizosphere soil fungi of Malania oleifera and host survival, growth and habitat, 3 sample plots representing different habitats were selected in the natural distribution area of M. oleifera in Guangnan County, Yunnan Province, and the roots, stems, leaves and rhizosphere soil of M. oleifera were collected for isolation, identification and the analysis of community structure diversity. The results showed that 276 endophytic and rhizosphere soil fungi were isolated from 3 different plots, involving 3 phyla, 8 classes and 35 genera, among which Trichoderma, Diaporthe and Penicillium were the dominant genus. The species and number of endophytic fungi in stems were the most abundant, with 93 strains and 24 genera, as well as the Shannon-Wiener index, evenness index and Margalef index were the highest. In addition, the similarity coefficient of community composition between root and rhizosphere fungi was the highest, while the similarity coefficient between root and leaf was the lowest. At the same altitude conditions, the community composition of endophytic and rhizosphere fungi of M. oleifera in bare limestone mountain(Yangmaba, Dongbao Township, DY) and limestone woodland(Bajiao mountain, Dongbao Township, DB) had certain similarity, while the former was richer than the latter; in limestone woodlands, the community composition of endophytic and rhizosphere fungi of M. oleifera in low altitude habitat(DB) was richer than that in the high altitude habitat(Zhuangke Village, Nanping Town, NZ), and the differences between them was significant. The Shannon-Wiener indexs and Margalef indexes of endophytic and rhizosphere fungi of M. oleifera in different habitats were bare limestone mountain(DY) > low-altitude limestone woodland(DB) > high-altitude limestone woodland(NZ); while the Simpson indexes and Evenness indexes were opposite. Therefore, the endophytic and rhizosphere fungi communities of M. oleifera in exposed limestone mountain(DY) are more abundant, while the single genus advantage of high-altitude limestone woodland was dominant, and the colony structure was relatively simple.