The Change of Landscape Pattern and Its Ecological Environment Effect in Kunming

Taking Kunming as the research object, the landscape pattern change and its eco-environmental effects from 1990 to 2018 were studied by using landscape pattern index, landscape ecological risk index and ecosystem service value coefficient, and the correlation between eco-environmental effects and construction land expansion was analyzed by GWR model. The results show that the change degree of urban landscape types is relatively stable in the initial stage of urbanization from 1990 to 2000, and the dynamic change is intensified in the accelerated stage of urbanization after 2000. The change of landscape pattern index showed a stable-unstable trend. From 1990 to 2000, the degree of landscape fragmentation and irregular shape decreased slightly. After 2000, the complexity of the landscape boundary intensified, the controlling effect of the dominant landscape decreased, and the landscape tended to be broken and uniform as a whole. The change of landscape pattern has brought about changes in the ecological process, and the urban landscape ecological risk and ecosystem service value are all reducing. The landscape ecological risk and ecosystem service value show a low-grade trend around the lake in the Dianchi Lake Basin with the highest level of urbanization, and its expansion path is basically consistent with the urban development path. On the whole, the eco-environmental effects showed a negative correlation with the expansion of construction land, and the negative correlation reached the peak from 2010 to 2018, indicating that the acceleration of urbanization has brought about the decrease of landscape ecological risk and ecosystem service value. The landscape ecological risk at the edge of the construction area is positively correlated with the expansion of construction land, which is the key prevention and control area of landscape ecological risk.