Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment and Driving Factors of Urban Agglomeration in Central Yunnan from the Perspective of Production-Living-Ecological Space

Based on the land use data of central Yunnan urban agglomeration for 5 periods of 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, we assessed the landscape ecological risk of central Yunnan urban agglomeration from the "Production-Living-Ecological Space" perspective and explored its driving factors by means of land use dynamic attitude, transfer matrix, landscape ecological risk index, and spatial autocorrelation analysis. The results show that ecological space is the main type of "Production-Living-Ecological Space" in the study area(about 77%), followed by production space and less living space(less than 2%). During the study period, urban living space and industrial production space rose dramatically, while forest land, grassland ecological space and agricultural production space decreased consistently. From 2000 to 2020, the level of comprehensive ecological risk in the study area rises but remains modest, and landscape ecological risk has a strong positive spatial association, with hotspot areas mostly centered in the central-eastern part of the urban agglomeration. The spatial differentiation of landscape ecological risk in the research area is influenced by both natural and human factors, with human factors being the primary cause of landscape ecological risk rise. The interaction effect between factors is obviously higher than that of individual factors, and the interaction effect first increases and then decreases during the study period. The results of the study can provide a reference for the control of regional ecological risks and rational allocation of land resources.