Responses of Spontaneous Plant Diversity to Urbanization in Different Habitats

This study took the main urban area of Jinan City as an example and employed the typical sample plot method to investigate the spontaneous plants in 3 types of habitats: park green space, road green space and wilderness habitat in Jinan, select the Patrick index, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, and Pielou index to analyze spontaneous plant diversity and its response to urbanization in terms of ecological niche width. The results showed that the survey recorded 316 species of spontaneous plants belonging to 216 genera and 62 families in Jinan. In different types of habitats, there is no significant correlation between the spontaneous plant diversity and the degree of urbanization in park green space and wilderness habitat, while the spontaneous plant diversity in road green space decreases with the increase of urbanization. Setaria viridis, Oxalis corniculate, Humulus scandens, Chenopodium glaucum, Kochia scoparia, Portulaca oleracea showed strong adaptability, and they can serve as indicator plant species for urban vegetation response to urbanization, which can help to mitigate the adverse impacts of urbanization on urban ecosystems. The results of this research can provide a scientific basis for planning and constructing urban green space landscapes, and provide important guidance for the construction of sustainable urban vegetation with low maintenance, high biodiversity, and regional characteristics.