Abstract: This paper records the distribution of Pinus squamata, which is a relic species based on its distributional area. Its ecological factors, such as geological history, climate, soil, biological factors, etc., are analyzed. Based on its ecological factors, its potential distributional areas are in the south of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, the basin of Sichuan and the central and northeast areas of Yunan. In other places to the south Yangtze River, measures must be provided for Pinus squamata of to combat low temperature in winter and drought in summer, and it must be cultured in greenhouse in the more northern areas.