Abstract: Yunnan is the center of the origin and distribution of bamboo in the world. It is honored as athe country of bamboo?% in which Xishuangbanna is especially rich in bamboo resources. It has rich rainfall, heat and various minority cultures. There are not only large areas of natural and cultivated bamboo forests, but also a thousand and one links between bamboo and the minorities. Local peoples apply bamboo in their farming, daily life and religious activities. How to exploit and use this rich bamboo resource is a significant subjuct. Applying the theories and view of Ethnic Botany and Ecological Economics, the author made an approach to the exploitation and utilization of bamboo resources in Yunnan. Some personal opinions about the devpolicy were given.