Abstract: Five species of the ant genus Dolichoderus Lund are collected and reported in China,of which 1 new species is described.The known Chinese species and varieties of the genus are studied,4 new synonyms are proposed:D.taprobanae var.obscuripes Santschi and D.taprobanae var.tonkina Santschi are new synonyms of D.taprobanae(F.Smith);D.bituberculatus var.emarginata Santschi is a new synonym of D.bitubercuiatus(Mayr);D.affinis var.nigricans Emery is a new synonym of D.affinis Emery.A key is prepared for the 5 species known in China.Dolichoderus incisus sp.nov.is close to D.bituberculatus(Mayr),but the new one in full face view,the head subrectangular,occiput widely emarginate.Dorsum of thorax densely and finely punctured,without coarse wrinkles.In profile view,the apical angle of propodeum more extruding posteriorly.Holotype:worker,Lincang Co.23.8°N,100.0°E),1550 m,Yunnan Prov.,13-X-1991,No.A91-1077(XuZhenghui).Paratypes:5 workers,with same data as holotype:25 workers,with same data as holotype,but Nos.A91-1094,1105,1119,1124,1127.The type specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection,Department of Forest Protection,Southwest Forestry College,Kunming,Yunnan,China.