Abstract: The increased population, shortened fallow, and declined soil fertility produce a wide range of local strategies to cope with the problem related with the shifting cultivation in Xishuangbanna southern Yunnan, including Hevea brasiliensis plantation as fallow management. For rubber, the farmers' motivation is not limited in the food subsistence, but the increasing living standard and demand owing to the continuous changing social economic condition. The rubber plantation suggests another important aspect of the indigenous study.