Abstract: By surveying the soil types and their distribution,and their forming condition in Wenshan Nature Reserve,the authers divided the soils into 3 orders(Alfisolf,Ferralsol and Inceptisol),6 groups(Dark-brown earths,brown earths,Yellow-brown earths,Red earths,Yellow earths and Limestone soils) and 8 subgroups(Dark-brown earths,brown earths,Yellow-brown earths,Red earths,Yellowish red earths,Yellow earths,Terra rossa and Rendzina).The soil ecological fragility and its impact on biodiversity were studied and the countermeasures and the strategies of protection were put forward.