Abstract: The species composition,morphological structure,regenerations characteristics and protection countermeasures of Tetracentron sinense communities distributed in Yuanjiang Nature Reserve were studied on the basis of field survey.It was showed: There were 55 species or varieties of vascular plants belonging to 46 genera,32 families in T.sinense communities in the nature reserve.Inside the communities,T.sinense was the predominant species,Theaceae,Lauracea and Rosaceae were the main families whose species were the major companions of T.sinense species.T.sinense could regenerate well under the gap and canopy edge,its seedlings could also regenerate and grow well under the canopy of sparse secondary communities where there was enough sunshine.The T.sinense communities in Yuanjiang Nature Reserve had typical structure,belonging to comparatively original T.sinense community type in domestic distribution areas.It was proposed that T.sinense communities,as well as their habitats inside the nature reserve should be well protected as in situ conservation.