Abstract: A study on the cold injury of adult Anacardium occidentale trees was conducted in Mengla Township,Jinping County,Yunnan Province.The result showed that the A.occidentale trees suffered severe damage from the low temperature.There were differences among varied aspects and varieties.According to the standard of cold injury,the A.occidentale trees on the south aspect and on the top of slopes were injured lighter than those on the east and southeast aspects.Early-blooming variety A was injured more severely than late-blooming variety B.The injury to most of the A.occidentale trees was classified as grade 4 with significant chlorosis,some trees dried up and even died because of the cold injury.The result showed that durable low temperature caused severe injury to A.occidentale fruit production.