Abstract: Based on the loading capacity of pasture and the pasture-livestock dynamic equilibrium principles and the grassland resource data collected in northwest China,the net primary production(NPP) of unit grazing grassland and the livestock loading volume per unit area of grassland ecological and economic systems were calculated,and the compensation standards for fodder grain,fencing and supplementary sowing on different grassland which was turned from the grazing pasture in different provinces and autonomous regions were determined by analyzing the unreasonable points of the compensation standards presently carried out in northwestern pastoral areas in China.