Abstract: There are seven townships within the area of Xinping section of Ailao Mountains,which belongs to part of the National Nature Reserve of Ailao Mountains and simultaneously belongs to the county level nature reserve. The total area of this part is 199 900 hm²,the highest elevation in this nature reserve is 3 165.9 m,and the lowest is 422 m. The relationship between the biodiversity and the habitat change induced by socioeconomic development was studied,and the countermeasures to conserve the biodiversity in the nature reserve were proposed.