Abstract: In this paper, the soil erosion during the construction of Xiaowan hydropower was monitoring dynamically by using methods of eroding nail and fixed quadrats observation, the spatial variation of soil erosion in different area of green areas, construction areas, abandoned dreg sites, earth rockfill materials sites and roads during the construction of the hydropower station were analyzed, and the temporal different of soil erosion in the of primary surface of the construction area at three period of before the monitoring, during the monitoring and after bringing soil and water conservation measures were studied. The results showed that the abandoned dreg disturbance was the main soil disturbance types contributed for soil erosion soil loss amounts, which accounted for the 48% of the total erosion amounts. And the soil erosion load from abandoned dreg site was accounted for 7230% to 8330% of the year total soil loss amounts. The soil loss amounts showed a decreasing trend during the monitoring period. Compared with primary surface, a decreased trend for soil erosion amounts were observed in all monitoring areas after bringing soil and water conservation measures, the soil erosion levels in all monitoring areas decreased from slight to weak degrees, and the soil erosion modulus was close to the soil loss tolerance vale of 500t/(km2·a).