Abstract: In this paper, five cultivation modes of experiment which are interplant of Soybean, peanut, mung bean, kidney bean and the covering grass, were explored to discuss the effects of different cultivation on Camellia oleifera, soil microorganisms and enzyme activities. The results indicated that newtip length, the yield of single tree and oil yield of the five cultivation modes had significantly differences, except for fresh seeds yield. The quantities of microbes and the activities of enzymes in the rhizosphere soil were higher than in the non rhizosphere soil. Based on the above analysis, interplant of soy beans and mung beans were the most beneficial modes to C. Oleifera. The bacteria was significant correlation with various kinds of soil enzyme and oil yield, which illustrated that the quantity of bacteria could be used as biological indicator to detect soil fertility, and providing the basis to judge C. Oleifera oil production.