Abstract: To enhance the ecosystem service of Yinhushan Country Park and optimize its design from the aspect of plant community, an investigation was conducted from September 2012 to August 2013 along 12 splines. Species composition, community structure and plant species diversity of different plantation and natural plant communities were investigated. The results showed that there were 257 types of vascular plant species among 86 families in the Yinhushan Country Park. The typical plantation plant communities included Acacia confuse - Cunninghamia lanceolate community and Eucalyptus citriodora - Adina pilulifera - Psychotria asiatica community, while the natural plant communities included Castanopsis fissa community, Schefflera minutistellata community, Sinosideroxylon pedunculatum - Syzygium hancei - Litsea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia community, and Syzygium buxifolium community. Compared with the plantation community, natural community has more community types and plant species in the community, the average Simpson index, ShannonWiener index, and Pielou index for the 4 typical natural plant community was 0878, 2646, and 0789 respectively. Compared with the plantation community, natural community has a slightly higher level of Simpson index, and ShannonWiener index, but a slightly less Pielou index. However, no significant differences were detected in the plant diversity indexes between the two communities. These results indicated that natural communities increased the complexity of plant community structure and are more stable than plantation communities.