Abstract: The polyploidy breeding technology was used to induce Rosa sterilis polyploidy, for the obtaining of Rsterilis polyploidy plants. The colchicine was used as induction dose, diploid cuvette seedling of Rsterilis as material, to compare induction effect on chromosome doubling in different preculture time, different colchicine concentration and different treatment time. The results showed that after preculture in differentiation medium for 1d, and soaking in 300mg/L colchicine solution for 12h, then differentiation culture in differentiation medium, the induction effect was better, and the mutation rate was 256%. The best culture frequency of homogenization was 6. After observing the chromosome number in roottip of mutation plants, it was found that chromosome number in some tetraploid plants cells was 2n=4x=28,while cells with both 2n=2x=14 and 2n=4x=28 in some chimera plants.