Abstract: In order to study the new theoretical basis of the breeding with fine oil peony varieties, this paper took ′Purple′ and ′Fengdan′ oil peony that introducted from different areas in Guizhou as experiment materials, and analyzed the content of nutritional components of oil peony seeds at different stages during the maturation process.The results showed that the oil peony seeds contains rich fat, protein and trace elements, fat content of ′Fengdan′ oil peony seeds that introducted from Guiyang was higher than that from Anlong and Xingyi, and their content of fatty acid of brown yellow ripening stage and ripe stage was 31.79% and 35.39%.Protein content of ′Fengdan′ oil peony seeds that introducted from Anlong was higher than that from Xingyi and Guiyang.The content of potassium in the test of trace elements of oil peony seeds was about 24%, and the content of magnesium was about 0.24%, and the contents of Ca, Na, Fe, Mn and Cu were in the middle.