Abstract: The article has mainly studied the development patterns of anatomical characteristics such as the morphology and size of cells in different parts of epidermis and the differentiation patterns of cork cells and silica cells of the 2 kinds of sympodial bamboo (Bambusa textilis and Sinocalamus affinis). The results showed that the size of the outmost 3 layers of epidermis cells enlarged gradually in the process of development. Epidermis cells in this area were arranged loosely at the beginning of growth season but more and more compactly with the seasonal variability of bamboo growth. The size of epidermis cells decreased gradually from base to top parts. The size of the first layer of epidermis cells of S.affinis was smaller than the size of those in the same layer of B.textilis that has a blurry line between cells of cortical layer and subcutaneous layer. The epidermis of B.textilisand S.affinis were respectively made up by 4-5 layers and 3-4 layers of cell. No obvious distinction was found in morphology and size between 2 kinds of epidermis cell during their shoots period, however the difference between the alternating appearing long cells and short cells became more and more distinguishable from the seedling period. The morphology of cork cells and silica cells assume the different shapes in B.textilis and S.affinis with the elongated ellipse and ellipse epidermis cells in the former and the elongated ellipse and rectangle epidermis cells in the later. The occurrence frequency of cork cells and silica cells in S.affinis was lower than that in B.textilis in the same area. With the sustainable growth of bamboo, the 2 kinds of epidermis cell showed no obvious changes in cell morphology, but significant increase in cell size and occurrence frequency.