Abstract: The morphological diversities among populations and their correlation with geographical climatic factors of Machilus pauhoi from 23 provenances were discussed. The results showed that there were significant differences in 6 characters of the seed length, seed width, seed thickness, seed length-width ratio, seed width-thickness ratio and seed hundred-grain weight among provenances. Among them, seed length, seed width and seed thickness were positively and significantly correlated between each other, seed hundred-grain weight was positively and significantly correlated with seed length, seed width and seed thickness. The seed length, seed width, seed length-width ratio and other character were positively and significantly correlated with the latitude of distribution area of seed collecting points, which was gradually increasing from south to north. According to cluster analysis, M. pauhoi from 23 provenances could be divided into 3 provenance region.