Abstract: Analyzing the microstructure of reinforceming ancient wood with scanning electron microscope and fluorescence microscopy. Analyzing the mechanism of Haimenkou sites water archeological wood combining the X-ray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that phenolic resin has been filled in the archeological wood cell walls mainly, very few of the phenolic resin be filled in the cell cavity. The cellulose crystallinity of reinforcing archeological wood has improved. The phenolic resin immersed in the archeological wood has solidifed a certain degree, but which still didn't form a large number of three-dimensional body-type phenolic resin.