Abstract: In order to deeply understand biodiversity maintenance mechanism within the ancient tea garden ecosystem and to scientifically evaluate vegetation condition of the ancient tea garden, the Blang ancient tea garden in Yunnan was investigated in August 2016. The results showed that there were 39 species 33 genus 20 families in the community. All of them were angiosperms, no gymnosperm was found. The analysis of floristic geographical elements indicated that the tropic elements were dominant. Community has a stable regeneration cycle, and dominant tea plants could complete self-regeneration under shade of the trees. In vertical space, community stratification was obvious. The xylophyte dominated in the community, which was divided into 2 distinct layers: the tree layer and shrubs and trees regeneration layer. Although the tree layer has a small number of tree individuals, it has important influence on the lower plant growth.