Abstract: Information on primates′ species, distribution and the amount and living conditions of each species was collected by the method of non-structure community interviews in the Wenshan National Nature Reserve from August to October, 2012. There were 3 groups of about 30 Stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoids) in total, 2groups of about 30 Rhesus macaques (M.muluta) in total and 1 group of about 20 Assam macaques (M.assamensis)at Laojun Mountain area, and some Stump-tailed macaques and Rhesus macaques were occasionally reported at the Xiaoqiaogou area. During the past 50 years, the distribution of primates, and the number of groups and the amount of individuals in each species had sharply decreased. Moreover, 5 groups of Stump-tailed macaques including about 20-60 individuals per group, 179-290 individuals in total, and 1 group of about 40 Rhesus macaques were reported at the area of Dongfengchao outside the Wenshan Nature Reserve. The findings provided a reference for the protection of primates in Wenshan National Nature Reserve.