Abstract: This study takes forest land in Xinhua County as the research object, and 5 landscape pattern indexes and ecological sensitivity were selected to construct the ecological vulnerability assessment system. The 5 landscape pattern indexes are the forest land patch density, average neighborhood index, connectivity index, degree of polymerization index and separation index. At the same time, using the principal component analysis of ArcGIS space, spatial analysis and Kriging interpolation method to discuss the ecological vulnerability of forest land in Xinhua County from the perspective of the combination of landscape pattern and ecological sensitivity. The results showed that the overall trend of the ecological sensitivity of forest land in Xinhua County is northwest, west and southwest are higher than the central, eastern and southeastern, the result has a strong correlation with the slope position, age and canopy density of the forest. The order of ecological vulnerability of forest landscape is the shrub economic forest > the arbor economic forest > the other shrub forest > the bamboo forest > the broad leaved forest > the coniferous forest. The degree of ecological vulnerability of forest land in Xinhua County is mainly light and moderate. The proportion of the slight degree of vulnerability, mild vulnerability, moderate vulnerability, severe vulnerability and extreme vulnerability area are followed by 14.27%, 30.11%, 31.89%, 12.88% and 10.85%. The spatial distribution of ecological vulnerability is that in the north, and the southwest is lower, and the east and southeast are higher. Human′s disturbance is the main factor affecting the distribution of ecological vulnerability.