Abstract: In order to accurately observe the cell internal structure of Cunninghamia lanceolata scales, the processes, which was summarized by comparing the results of different treatments including 2 different fixing solutions, 3 softening treatments, 4 dehydrant and transparent treatments, time and temperature of waxing, embedding and dyeing, were optimized. Results showed that the material could be both fixed effectively by the FAA and FPA solutions; the best softening process was the hydrochloric acid solution for 12 h; the best dehydration time was 2 h per level, and the best transparent time was 1 h per level. Clear and complete cell structure map of the scales of C.lanceolata could be obtained by using this method.