Abstract: The seed and seedling traits of 148 Cinnamomum camphora over 100 years from the Jitai Basin were conducted. The degree and correlation of genetic variation among traits were studied, and variance analysis, principal component analysis, correlation analysis and cluster analysis were performed. The results showed that C.camphora had extensive genetic variation types, and the average of genetic diversity index of all traits was high for 3.34. The differences in phenotypic traits were mainly derived from the provenance, which indicated that the provenance was the determining factor of camphor morphologic traits. The size and the weight of seed significantly correlated with the seedling height. The first principal component reflects the total information of 4 quantitative traits, and the contribution rate reaches 76.88%, and the seed size determines the growth of the plant seedling to some extent. Nine populations could be classified into 5 groups. Each group had different characteristics and showed abundant genetic diversity. The group from Ji′an city was much better than the other groups. The size and the weight of seed had direct relationship with the origins of camphor trees.