Abstract: In order to study the effects of pyroligneous acid on soil properties of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings, the C. camphora seedlings of 1-year potted were treated with 0%, 0.2%, 1% and 5% of pyroligneous, respectively. The pH, conductivity, organic matter content, urease, catalase, sucrose enzyme, neutral phosphatase and protease activity of the seedlings soil were detected and analyzed. The results showed that the soil conversion enzyme, neutral phosphatase and catalase activity of C. camphora seedlings were increased in the early stage of culture, while the urease and protease activity were inhibited. After 35 d cultivation, 1% concentration of pyroligneous solution was the best for improving the soil properties of C.camphora seedlings. Its pH value was 1.75% lower than that of control, the conductivity was 2.85% lower than control, and neutral phosphatase activity was 41.85% lower than control, respectively. The content of organic matter was 31.97% higher than control. The conversion enzyme activity was 71.72% higher than the control, the urease activity was 9.92% higher than the control, the protease activity was 67.32% higher than the control, and the catalase activity was 76.85% higher than the control. Therefore, 1% was the best concentration for improving the soil properties of C. camphora seedlings.