Abstract: Based on the nuts of 8 main Juglans sigillata varieties in Yunnan Province, the LSD difference analysis, variance analysis, correlation analysis and principal component factor analysis were carried out respectively. The results indicate that 'Yunxin' shows the largest mean 3 nut diameters, 'Yangpao' shows the largest single nut mass, kernel mass and kernel mass per centimeter, 13.70 g, 7.14 g, 2.03 respectively, 'Xixiang' shows the largest kernel rate, 55.36%, 'Xiaoyuanguo' shows the thinnest shell thickness, 0.85 mm. Mean 3 nutdiameters, single nut mass, kernel mass, kernel rate, kernel mass per centimeter and shell thickness among 8 J.sigillata varieties show significant differences, but the content of crude fat and protein content don′t show significant differences. Variance analysis shows that the indexes of single nut mass, kernel mass kernel mass per centimeter, shell thickness and protein content have larger variation coefficient, the other indexes have less variation, and each varieties has different variation degree. Because of the strong correlation between nut quality indexes, the dimension factor analysis of nut quality was carried out, according to the contribution rate, comprehensively evaluated that the 'Yangpao' has the highest comprehensive F value is 0.294 56, has good quality, followed by 'Xixiang' and 'Yunxin'.