Abstract: In order to understand the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil water content in different vegetation form after returning farmland to forest in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi Province, The soil water content changes of vegetation types distributed in different rainfall zones in Wuqi County of Shaanxi Province were studied by one-way analysis of variance and multiple comparisons by Duncan method.The results show that rainfall has an important positive impact on grassland soil water content. The slope position has less influence on the soil water content of abandoned land, but it has a greater impact on the soil water content in the Populus simonii, there is a significant differences in different slope positions, and the soil water content in the down-slope is significantly greater than that in the mid-slope. There is a significant difference in soil water content of different woodland, and the soil water content of four different woodland in the study area expressed as mixed plantation > Amygdulus davidiana > Hippophae rhamnoides>Caragana korshinskii. Among different land use types, farmland soil water content is the highest, followed by shrub land, and the soil water content of abandoned land is the lowest.