Abstract: Taking the wetland of Zhujiangyuan Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province as the research object. The object-oriented method was used to extract the distribution information of wetlands in each year, analyze the dynamic changes of wetlands, and study the factors affecting the changes of wetlands based on 4 high-resolution remote sensing images of Jiangyuan Protected Area Wetland in 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2015. Results show that wetlands in different geographical locations have different dominant factors, including increased precipitation, demand for agricultural reclamation, construction of water conservancy projects, and policy factors. Although the overall wetland area of the study area has increased in recent years, there is a big difference in the spatial and area changes of various wetland types. The natural wetland is more artificial, the degree of fragmentation is higher, the function is reduced, and the threatened pressure continues to increase.