Abstract: To promote the growth of fine rattan seedlings, the L₉ (3⁴) orthogonal design was applied to find out the effects of shading and fertilization on seedling growth of Calamus gracilis. The results showed that there were significant differences of the basal diameter (0.28−0.51 cm), seedling height (13.5−16.9 cm), leaf number (1.5−3.4) and canopy width (11.8−16.7 cm) between treatment combinations (P< 0.01 orP<0.05); The four indexes of 9 orthogonal treatments were significantly better than those of the control TC (ck) (P<0.01); the optimal levels is under the shade of 90%, 3 g/plant calcium superphosphate and 0.7 g/strain urea. So that shade is the dominant factor of height growth and leaf number (R_A>R_C>R_B), and urea is the dominant factor of ground diameter and crown width (R_C>R_A>R_B). That is showed the light and N fertilizer restrained the growth of C. gracilis seedlings.