Abstract: Based on the InVEST Sediment Retention Model, the soil hydraulic erosion and soil conservation of the agro-pastoral ecotone in the north piedmont of Yinshan Mountain in 2000 and 2015 were evaluated. The impact of land use change on soil erosion and soil conservation was analyzed. Results showed that the amount of potential soil hydraulic erosion was 9.37×10⁷ t and 1.46×10⁸ t in 2000 and 2015, respectively. The amount of actual soil hydraulic erosion was 6.31×10⁷ t and 1.01×10⁸ t, respectively. As for the spatial distribution, the potential soil hydraulic erosion and actual soil hydraulic erosion were higher in Duolun County, Taupusi County, Chahar Right Banner and Wuchuan County. In terms of time series, the potential soil hydraulic erosion, actual soil hydraulic erosion and soil hydraulic erosion modulus increased significantly in 2015 compared to 2000. The total soil conservation were 4.33×10⁷ t and 6.45×10⁷ t in 2000 and 2015, respectively, and the soil conservation of Wuchuan County, Chahar Right Banner and Guyang County were higher than other counties.