Abstract: In this study, the ground diameter, height and fresh weight of Phyllostachys edulis shoots were analyzed by using two-factor experiments of living P. edulis density (2 100 − 2 550 tree/hm², 2 700 − 3 150 tree/hm², 3 300 − 3 750 tree/hm²) and fertilization types (compound fertilizer, cake fertilizer, formula fertilizer). The results show that the yield of P. edulis shoots with management measures is significant higher than that in CK. The interaction of living density and fertilizer types have significant impacts on the ground diameter, of which the maximum value of the ground diameter is 9.65 cm with the treatment of high density and compound fertilizer. With the increasing density, the morphological features of P. edulis change from fat and short to thin and high. The effect of planting density on the P. edulis shoot yield is more obvious than that of fertilizing, and the P. edulis forest with lower density is more beneficial to increase P. edulis shoot yield. Among different treatments, the highest yield is low density and compound fertilizer treatment, which is 2 174.40 kg/hm², and the lowest output is high density and cake fertilizer treatment, which is 1 299.15 kg/hm². In natural P. edulis density treatment, the yield of formula fertilizer treatment is the highest, which is 1 721.55 kg/hm²., taking into account the operating cost and soil pollution caused by fertilizer, the application of formula fertilizer can be considered at the initial stage of the forest management for P. edulis shoots in southern Hubei province.