Abstract: The paper took the tea tree (Camellia sinensis) from Jinghong and Changning in Yunnan Province as the research object, compared and analyzed the macroscopic characteristics and microscopic characteristics of the tea trees. The results showed that on the macroscopic characteristic, the distinction was not obvious between the heartwood and sapwood of Jinghong tea tree, the color of wood was yellow-brown, with no special smell and no obvious growth ring. The heartwood of Changning tea tree was yellow-brown, the sapwood was black brown, with light fragrance of tea, growth ring was obvious. On the microscopic characteristic, Jinghong tea tree was diffuse-porous wood, special-shaped Ⅰ type (the vertical or square section up to 10 cells or more), the gum was rich within the procumbent cell, solitary pore, radial multiple (with the polygonal contour). Changning tea tree was semi-diffuse porous wood, special-shaped Ⅰ type (the square or vertical cells up to 4-6 cells), solitary pore, radial multiple, string column multiple (2-3). So, it could be seen that there were quite obvious differences between Jinghong and Changning tea tree on the characteristics of growth ring, catheter and pipe hole and wood ray.