Abstract: Studied on the main chemical components of different parts of 1, 2 and 5 year-grown Phyllostachys edulis cv. pachyloen. P. edulis cv. pachyloen powder and holocellulose were treated with dilute acid to analyze the concentration of sugars and inhibitors. The results showed that there was a certain degree of regularity of chemical components among different parts of different year-grown bamboo. The ash content of leaves was the highest, and the lowest in the rod. Benzene-alcohol extract content was the highest in the leaves. The cellulose content of one-year-grown bamboo was the highest. The holocellulose content of P. edulis cv. pachyloen at different ages changed little. The acid-insoluble lignin content in the rod of 5-year-grown bamboo was the highest, the lowest in the leaves of 1-year-grown bamboo. Various sugar concentration in the rod was higher than the branches, followed by the leaves. Of the inhibitor, the acetic acid concentration was the highest, and the lowest the levulinic acid. Both the sugar content and inhibitor concentration in P. edulis cv. pachyloen powder were higher than those of holocellulose.