Abstract: Based on the 206 modern geographical distribution records and 9 environmental factor variables of Toxicodendron vernicifluum, the MaxEnt model was used to simulate the suitable distribution area of T. vernicifluum in China. Combined with the variable contributions, jackknife tests and response curves analyzes the dominant factors affecting the distribution of the T. vernicifluum. The results show that the MaxEnt model has high prediction accuracy and the average AUC value is 0.941; the annual average precipitation, altitude, annual average temperature and temperature variation variance are the dominant environmental factors affecting the geographical distribution of the T. vernicifluum. The current suitable area of T. vernicifluum is mainly concentrated in Qinba Mountain, Hengduan Mountains, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Sichuan Basin in Southwestern China. The research results have certain reference value for the rational planting and scientific division of China's T. vernicifluum plantations.