Abstract: Spectrograph and electronic analytical balance were used to measure and analyze the dust retention and spectral reflection characteristics of the leaves of Euonymus japonicus before and after dust removal in Yuyuantan Park and the surrounding main roads. By analyzing multiple variables, the effect of dust on the spectral characteristics of E. japonicus leaves was studied and the relation model between spectral characteristic parameters and dust retention of plants was established. The results show that the dust retention per unit leaf area of E. japonicus shows a trend of that the main road around the park > that of the peripheral protection green belt > that of in the park. The spectral characteristics of leaves before and after dust removal generally show the trend of clean leaves > dust leaves and are significantly different in the bands of 750−1 350 nm and 1 500−1 850 nm. The three-sided positions have not changed after dust removal, while the three-sided amplitude and three-sided area all show that the trend of clean leaves > dust leaves. The influence of dust on the yellow-sided amplitude and area, the blue-sided amplitude and area are not obvious, but the influence on the red-sided amplitude and area are relatively significant. The leaf dust retention has an effect on spectral characteristic parameters and with certain regularity. Among them, the dust retention linear model constructed by using red-sided area has the highest estimation accuracy and reaches a significant level, which provides an important reference and data support for the estimation of dust retention of plant leaves based on hyperspectral technology.