Abstract: According to the characteristics of forest fire and tree species composition investigated by Bilahe Forestry Bureau in Daxing'an Mountains, Inner Mongolia, the paper studied trunk, bark, branches of 5 typical trees（Populus davidiana, Larix gmelinii, Betula dahurica, Betula platyphylla, Quercus mongolica）and twig of 3 typical shrubs（Corylus heterophylla, Rhododendron dauricum, Lespedeza bicolor）to screen the fire-resistant tree species, 5 physical and chemical properties (moisture content, ash content, calorific value, ignition point, crude fat) were analyzed by principal component analysis and the fire-resistance of each tree species was comprehensively evaluated. The result showed that Larix gmelinii is strong fire-resistant tree species, Betula platyphylla is fire-resistant tree species, while Betula dahurica, Populus davidiana and Quercus mongolica are weak fire-resistant tree species. For shrub species, Lespedeza bicolor and Corylus heterophylla are fire-resistant shrub species, Rhododendron dauricum is weak fire-resistant shrub species. Larix gmelinii can be used as fire-resistant tree species to improve the fire resistance of tree species in forest areas, so as to prevent forest fires.