Abstract: In order to observe the differences among Hevea brasiliensis clones in leaf anatomic structure and photosynthetic physiology, 5 widely-used H. brasiliensis clone seedlings such as Reyan 106 and Reken 628 were taken as test materials to observe photosynthetic parameters and leaf anatomical characteristics for exploring the effect of leaf anatomic structure on photosynthetic physiology. The results showed that there were significant differences in anatomical structure, photosynthetic parameters and photosynthetic pigments of leaves among different clones. The net photosynthetic rate was significantly correlated with leaf thickness and palisade tissue thickness, but not with chlorophyll content. Leaf thickness and palisade tissue thickness of IAN873, PR107 and RRIM600 were thicker, net photosynthesis rate and water utilization rate were stronger, and the tissue density and water utilization rate of RRIM600 were higher. H. brasiliensis leaf thickness and palisade tissue thickness could be used as important reference indicators for screening high-light-efficiency genotypes.