Abstract: In order to explore the soil erosion situation in the tropical rain forest region of southern Yunnan, taking Menghai County as the study area, Landsat image data, DEM, rainfall and soil data in 2009 and 2016 were used as data sources, the general soil erosion equation (USLE) was used to quantitatively study the dynamic changes of soil erosion in Menghai County. The results show that the soil erosion modulus of Menghai County in 2009 and 2016 is 812 t/(km²·a) and 783 t/(km²·a), respectively, and the soil erosion is mainly slight and mild erosion, and the soil erosion develops to polarization. From the point of view of regional spatial distribution, soil erosion is high in southeast, northwest and low in northeast, southwest and central Menghai. The benefit order of soil and water conservation of different land use types is as follows: construction land > forest land > water area > paddy field > dry land > garden land.