Abstract: In order to clarify the differences in secondary metabolites in Phyllostachys prominens leaves from different habitats and their relationship with soil properties, the contents of 9 secondary metabolites, 3 kinds of soil microorganisms, SMBC, SMBN and 3 soil enzyme activities were determined. Then the correlation between soil microbial characteristics and secondary metabolites was analyzed by SPSS software. Results showed there were significant differences in the 9 secondary metabolites of P. prominens leaves from different producing areas. Three soil microorganisms, soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass carbon, and microbial biomass nitrogenother of different production areas were significantly different.There was a positive correlation between the amount of soil bacteria in bamboo forest and orientin, p-Coumaric acid, vitexin. There was a significant positive correlation between the soil fungi quantity and the content of isoorientin and luteolin in P. prominens leaves. There was no significant correlation between the content of secondary metabolism-related products of P. prominens leaves and the activities of 3 enzymes in the soil. In summary, soil microbial characteristics can affect the accumulation of secondary metabolites of P. prominens leaves, but different secondary metabolites respond differently to soil microbial characteristics. Increasing soil bacteria can increase the content of orientin, p-Coumaric acid, and vitexin. Increasing soil fungi can increase isoorientin and luteolin.