Abstract: Fifty-seven modern Chinese rose germplasm resources were as materials to analyze genetic diversity, correlation, cluster and principal component analysis based on 13 phenotypic traits studied. The results showed that 57 modern Chinese rose germplasm had rich variation in phenotypic traits, the variation range of 13 phenotypic traits was 14.01%–79.91%, and the variation range of diversity index was 0.254–1.844. The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between prickle and apical lobule shape, prickle state, prickle color, prickle state and prickle color. Principal component analysis showed that the eigenvalues of the first 5 principal components(thorn factor, flower head factor, leaf edge sawtooth factor, flower fragrance factor, and flower color factor) were all greater than 1, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 64.37%, which could be used as an important index for the evaluation of Chinese rose germplasm. Cluster analysis showed that 57 modern Chinese rose germplasm resources could be clustered into 3 groups at euclide distance of 10, and the flower color and thorn traits were the main basis of phenotypic clustering.