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平潭大练岛种子植物区系研究
Research on Seed Plant Flora of Dalian Island in Pintan
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摘要: 采用样线法与样方法相结合的调查方法，对平潭大练岛的植物资源概况展开全面勘察，基于实地调查数据和文献资料查阅，分析了区域内种子植物区系组成和科、属的分布类型，并将其与周邻平潭岛屿和大陆山地的种子植物区系进行比较。结果表明：大练岛共有野生种子植物64科192属233种，植物多样性丰富；科属组成上，优势科为菊科、禾本科、豆科和蔷薇科，4科共含75属83种，占总属、种的39.06%，35.62%；该植物区系中仅含1种的单种科和单种属占绝对优势，分别占总科、属数的40.63%、83.85%。生活型以草本（54.94%）为主，其次灌木占总种数的32.19%，乔木和藤本各占7.30%、5.58%；区系类型组成复杂多样，科级中热带成分（80.56%）占主导地位，温带成分仅占19.44%，泛热带分布占34.38%，属级中热带成分占59.39%，温带成分占40%，反映了热带向温带的过渡性，热带性质科、属与温带性质科、属比值分别是4.14和1.48，该植物区系热带性质显著。与不同地域相比，大练岛的优势科与平潭岛屿较相似，与梅花山自然保护区的优势科相差最大；大练岛科的科、属比值明显低于平潭无居民海岛，但均高于3个山地的科、属比值；在地理亲缘关系上，大练岛植物区系分布区类型与周邻平潭岛屿较接近，均以热带成分为主，与大陆山地的联系较疏远。Abstract: Dalian Island in Pingtan was surveyed roundly to species resources by means of investigating typical sampling plots and transect lines. Based on field investigation data and related references, the flora distribution of the family and genus in the region were analyzed, which were compared with the neighboring islands in Pingtan and mainland mountains. The results showed that the seed plants were rich in species diversity, represented by 233 species, belonging to 192 genera in 64 families. In terms of family composition, the dominant families are Compositae, Poaceae, Fabaceae and Rosaceae, which contain 75 genera and 83 species, accounting for 39.06% and 35.62% of the total genera and genera. The single families and genera were dominant in this flora, accounting for 40.63% and 83.85% respectively. Herbaceous was the main life form, accounting for 54.94%. Shrubs accounted for 32.19%. Trees and vines accounted for 7.30% and 5.58% respectively. The floristic composition was complex and diverse. At the family level, the floras were mainly tropical component, which accounted for 80.56%. The temperate component only accounted for 19.44%. Pan-tropical component accounted for 34.38%. At the genus level, the tropical component accounted for 59.39%, the temperate component accounted for 40%, which showed the flora transition from tropical component to temperate component. The R/T values of family and genus were 4.14 and 1.48 respectively. The tropical characteristics were dominant in this flora. Compared with different regions, the dominant family of Dalian Island was closely related to islands in Pingtan, but distantly related to that of Meihuashan Nature Reserve. The R/T values of Dalian Island were significantly lower than those of uninhabited islands in Pingtan, but higher than those of the three mountains. In terms of geographical kinship, the floristic distribution type of Dalian Island was closely related to islands in Pingtan, which were mainly composed of tropical elements, but distantly related to mainland mountains.
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