Abstract: The typical quadrats and typical routes investigation methods have been carried out for the land plant vegetation and wetland plant vegetation of Jianhu Wetland Nature Reserve in July 2019 and September 2019. The statistics of the families, genera and species; the division and statistics of the secondary plant and the distribution types and floristic characteristics of the area and an appraisal has been made. The result shows there are 623 species seed plants, belonging to 353 genera and 110 families, including 3 species, 3 genera and 2 families of gymnosperms, and the 620 species of angiosperms belonging to 350 genera and 108 families. There are 8 genera and 205 species of Chinese endemic seed plants, 36 species of Yunnan Provincial endemic plants. There are 168 species of secondary plants, takes the ratio of 26.97% among the 623 species seed plants in the nature reserve. All the species of the seed plants mainly distribute in the temperate zone, and the temperature component is low gradually by the species, genera and families while the tropic components is higher gradually on the contrary. According to the research, the species richness and the endemic ratio is low and the floristic secondary index is higher. The main reasons caused the above floristic characteristics are the dry climate, the single habitat and serious human disturbance.