Abstract: Conifers are the main tree species in the mountainous forest ecosystem of Yunnan Province, which are rich in germplasm resources. Through the study of the characteristics and significance of the dominant flora, the resources are summarized as follows: there are 96 species of conifers belonging to 25 genera and 6 families in Yunnan Province, which ranks first in China and is also rare in the world; the study lists the existing(including extended) conifers species, the classification system of 195 species, 39 genera and 8 families of conifers is the result of more than half a century of efforts in the protection and development of conifers. The characteristics and significance of valuable, rare, ancient and special of species and genera are analyzed from the viewpoint of flora; the change and significance of diversity with the related geohistory, ecogeography and environment were analyzed use the genus types and combinations; the causal relationship of the richness and diversity of conifers was analyzed.