Abstract: Taking Quercus variabilis in Longyuwan forest farm of Henan Province as the research object, this paper studies the anatomical structure of its branches and roots in order to provide basic parameters for its processing and utilization. The results showed that the branches of Q. variabilis are the same as the trunk, showing the characteristics of ring-hole wood, the pipe holes of early wood are large and arranged in a single line, and the pipes of late wood are arranged in a radial manner. The xylem of tree root presents the characteristics of semi-ring hole wood, the difference between early and late wood vessels was not obvious, and the single pipe hole was distributed in diameter column. The fiber length at the branch was 822.436 μm, width 13.527 μm, length width ratio was 62.354, wall cavity ratio was 0.510, and the fiber accounted for 61.677%. The fiber length of tree root was 991.929 μm, width 17.062 μm, the wall thickness was 8.101 μm, the length width ratio was 63.155, the wall cavity ratio was 0.980, and the fiber accounted for 64.667%. The ray height and width of branches were 264.305 μm, 16.062 μm, ray accounted for 21.127%, and the root was 355.739 μm, 23.917 μm, accounting for 23.725%. The distribution of parenchyma of branches is similar to that of trunk, which is ring tubular in early wood and banded in late wood. The parenchyma of early and late wood of tree roots were arranged in bands. The root and trunk of Q. variabilis meet the fiber raw material index for papermaking. The duct size of the root was lower than that of the trunk. During paper printing, the probability of duct sticking out was lower than that of the trunk, which can improve the printing efficiency.